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	Search results: 15 item(s) for: "137 Flora"        Image: Title: Subject: Description: 1. [wa0079] [Headman in front of ancient tree] 620 Community; 410 Tools and Appliances; 300 Adornment; 130 Geography; 137 Flora; 622 Community Heads; 411 Weapons; 290 Clothing; 301Ornament The writing on the back of this photograph indicates that the man pictured in front of the large tree is a headman, or ""tomoku"" 頭目. The attire, raised slate architecture, and positioning of the tree are typical of many Paiwan area plazas. For examples, see Mori Ushinosuke's photos of ""Pabauba"" (Mori 1918:1, pl. 57) and ""Rapal"" (Mori 1918:1, pl. 79). 2. [wa0130] [Harvesting tongcao] 130 Geography; 137 Flora; 460 Labor; 310 Exploitative Activities; 314 Forest Products A man harvesting tongcao 通草 in forest. Tongcao (tongtuomu 通脱木)was an important raw material for export from Taiwan. Its fiber can be used to make paper and Chinese herbal medicine. Ide (1937) indicates that this man is stripping the bark from a tongcao (p. 197). The 1932 Guide to Japan's Railways wrote that a preponderance of the world's tongcao grew in Taiwan, in the central and northern Aborigine districts at altitudes on either side of 2000 feet. Lengths of stalk suitable for making tongcao paper are cut from a tree, and the outside bark is stripped. Before the 1920s, tongcao paper was only used to make artificial flowers, but by 1930 it was used to make postcards, name cards, poetry scrolls, festival paper goods, calendars, etc. It was exported to Japan and throughout the world. In 1930, 78,220 jin 斤 of tongcao valued at 189,680 yen was expo 3. [wa0242] [Coconut tree] 245 Arboriculture; 240 Agriculture; 130 Geography; 137 Flora Yao Tsun Hsiung writes, ""Many of the tropical fruits, plants, and flowers found in Taiwan but absent in Japan frequently turn up in contemporary official propaganda materials as symbols of Taiwan. Besides fruits such as pineapples [0311], bananas [0249] [0308], watermelons, papayas, litchis, longans [0310], and mandarin oranges [0309], tropical plants including betel nut [0255] and coconut palms [0284] were also used as symbols of Taiwan. Pictures of banana, betel nut, and coconut trees are especially common in propaganda materials"" (Yao 2006, p. 63). 4. [wa0249] [Taiwan banana tree] 245 Arboriculture; 240 Agriculture; 130 Geography; 137 Flora See image [0308] for description of Japanese banana industry in Taiwan. 5. [wa0251] [Japanese quince trees] 245 Arboriculture; 240 Agriculture; 130 Geography; 137 Flora 6. [wa0255] [Betel nut trees] 270 Drink and Drugs; 245 Arboriculture; 240 Agriculture; 130 Geography; 137 Flora A member of the palmacious family, betel trees originated in the Malay archipelago. Mostly concentrated in southern Taiwan, betel plantations have a long history in Taiwan. The Taiwanese enjoy chewing betel nuts, which are cut open before lime or ground shell pate is put in and then wrapped in greeen leaves. Chewing the nuts produces red juice. It is said that betel nuts can help remove phlegm and stimulate the spirit....[B]etel nuts also function to mitigate diarrhea, cure eye diseases and eliminate helminths (Chung 1997, p.69). This photo was also reproduced under the ""Taiwan Historical Postcards Series"" imprint, with the Japanese caption cropped off. The titles and captions on the back of the card are bilingual: ""檳榔樹與水牛車隊/Betel palms and oxcarts/台湾中南及東部多植檳&# 7. [wa0284] Coco-nut Trees, Taiwan 245 Arboriculture; 240 Agriculture; 130 Geography; 137 Flora 8. [wa0308] [Banana orchard] 245 Arboriculture; 240 Agriculture; 130 Geography; 137 Flora During the Japanese era [1895-1945], the Japanese rulers encouraged the cultivation of bananas, which they found to be sweet and delicious. The plantation area increased from 540 hectares in 1909 to 21,850 hectares in 1936. Total production of bananas reached 2,185,890 metric hundredweight in 1937, an increase from 63,216 metric hundredweight in 1909. Thus, Taiwan became known as the Banana Kingdom'. Banana exports to Japan began in 1903. To control the quality, the Japanese set up fruit companies in Taizhong, Tainan, and Gaoxiong to take charge of production, inspection and distribution of bananas and other fruits (Chung 1997, p.59). 9. [wa0309] [Taiwan Tangerines (Ponkan)] 460 Labor; 245 Arboriculture; 240 Agriculture; 130 Geography; 137 Flora Japanese government tourism pamphlet: ""Orange cultivation has gradually become active. The Taiwanese oranges are divided into ""Ponkan"", ""Settsukan"", ""Buntan"", ""Zabon"" and ""Peiyu"". In point of output, the ""Ponkan"" occupies the first place, being followed by ""Tankan"". Oranges of all kinds cropped in Taiwan during 1937 aggregated 55,000,000 kin equivalent to more than 25 times as much as the total for 1904. The exports to foreign countries in 1938 amounted in value to 700,000 yen and to Japan Proper 1,000,000 yen"" (Romantic Taiwan, p. 25-26). 10. [wa0310] [Longans] 245 Arboriculture; 240 Agriculture; 130 Geography; 137 Flora A pulpy fruit related to the litchi and produced by an East Indian tree (Euphoria longana) (Webster's 3d Int., 1993). ""Longans were said to be introduced into Taiwan by immigrants in the early Qing dyansty. In addition to raw consumption, longans can be baked dry and cut into slices, with high export value"" (Chung 1997, p. 66). 11. [wa0311] [Taiwan pineapples] 240 Agriculture; 130 Geography; 137 Flora Pineapple plantations are documented in Taiwan as early as the Wanli period (1573-1620). Chinese varieties were likely brought over with immigrants from Fujian and Guangdong. During the Tongzhi period (1862-1875), better varieties were introduced from Hawaii, the Philippines, and Borneo. The processing plant was built in Fengshan in 1900; there were 26 of these in Taiwan by 1925. Due to excessive competition, which drove down export prices, the Taiwan Joint Pineapple Co. was established in 1936. Thanks to this cartel, the ""heyday"" of pineapple exports continued into the Pacific War. (Chung 1997, p. 64) 12. [wa0314] [Pomelos] 245 Arboriculture; 240 Agriculture; 130 Geography; 137 Flora Chinese name: 柚子 (Chung 1997, p. 67). Writing of Jilong Harbor, Terry's _Japanese Empire_ tour guide says, ""Among the numerous fruit-sellers on the wharves are picturesquely clad Loochoo Islands women, who offer island-made trinkets, etc., for sale. Hundreds of baskets of pomelos (jabon or zabon), a variety of shaddock, await shipment to Japan"" (Terry 1914, p. 774-75). 13. [wa0316] [Mangoes] 245 Arboriculture; 240 Agriculture; 130 Geography; 137 Flora Known as Hsuai-nia"" 芒果 to the indigenous people in Taiwan, the mango, which was introduced from South Asia or the Malay archipelago, was nicknamed 'the King of Fruit' in Taiwan. During the Japanese era, over two dozen different mango varieties were introduced into Taiwan to be planted primarily in Xinhua of Tainan and Fengshan of Gaoxiong. Mangoes could not be exported because they were susceptible to decay"" (Chung 1997, p.65). 14. [wa0317] [Buddha Fruit] 245 Arboriculture; 240 Agriculture; 130 Geography; 137 Flora Called ""Sugar apple"" in English, and ""Buddha's head"" 釈迦頭 or ""barbarian litchi/lichee"" 蕃荔枝, or ""barbarian pear"" 蕃梨, this fruit came to Taiwan during the Zheng Zhenggong reign (1661-1683) or earlier. It was grown mostly near Tainan. The trees can reach heights of up to 6 meters; the fruit is yellowish-green on the outside, and white on the inside. It is very sweet with a hint of sourness. It can be eaten fresh, but cannot be processed, so is not grown in abundance (Nihon chiri taikei 1930, p. 269)(Chung 1997, p. 68). 15. [wa0333] ""Formosa Tea-Plant"" 530 Arts; 5311 Visual Arts; 130 Geography; 137 Flora
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