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	Search results: 40 item(s) for: "460 Labor"        Image: Title: Subject: Description: 1. [wa0001] [Bunun woman weaving] 460 Labor; 290 Clothing; 280 Leather, Textiles, and Fabrics; 286 Woven Fabrics; 294 Clothing Manufacture; 462 Division of Labor by Gender Kanetowan village, Taizhong (H. Suzuki 1935, p. 44), usually considered Bunun territory, the Paiwan identification on the back of the photo is probably mistaken. One of many photos in this collection of a woman in seated position with hand-loom. Hand-woven Aborigine (蕃布) cloth was a common export item at the so-called ""Aborigine trading posts"" in Taiwan during the colonial period. To the present day, such cloth has been the object of intense study by anthropologists, as well as a staple of the tourism industry. See (Nihon chiri taikei 1930, p. 332) for a photo of various types of cloth with other mountain trade goods like deer skin, antlers, tongcao [wa0130] in a trading post. Also see images [wa0153] [wa0210] [wa0259] [wa0292] and [wa0294] for similar photos of cloth manufacture. 2. [wa0004] [Ten Orchid Island women carrying vessels] 460 Labor; 320 Processing of Basic Materials; 250 Food Processing; 251 Preservation and Storage of Food; 323 Ceramic Technology; 462 Division of Labor by Gender; 482 Burden Carrying; 480 Travel and Transportation Women in striped dresses carry ceramic jars in front of a bamboo-and-thatch building. According to Chen Chi-lu, only the Ami and Yami continued to manufacture pottery into the 1950s and 1960s. While pottery-making was women's work among the Ami, it was men's work on Orchid Island. The pottery pictured here are for storing water. Kano Tadao writes: ""Water for drinking or culinary use is always drawn from an open or artesian well inside the village. Besides the puraranaum, a water pot used for carrying and storage, a bamboo cylinder or a coconut-shell may be used for the same purpose. ..Sea-water is often used for boiling fish"" (Kano 1956, p. 234). Chen Chi-lu adds: ""For a cooking pot or water vessel, the Yami potter first puts a leaf...on the ground, and puts the clay on the leaf. A pancake of clay forms the base. Clay strips are then built up on it to form the wall of the vessel. It i 3. [wa0014] [Dadaocheng (Taipei) slaughterhouse] 460 Labor; 250 Food Processing; 253 Meat Packing Industry Taipei slaughterhouse w/brick columns and arched openings. Adult and child male laborers, various stages of production. Pork sausage-making is featured activity of this photo. A photograph of the exterior of a large hog processing plant in (Tokai tsushinsha 1932) strongly suggests that this slaughterhouse was located in Dadaocheng 大稻程 (p. 19), a part of Taipei considered to have been the ""Chinese quarters"" in colonial-era publications. 4. [wa0037] [Camphor production and burden carrying] 460 Labor; 482 Burden Carrying; 310 Exploitative Activities; 314 Forest Products The square boxes and pipes in the foreground constitute the cooling system in which the steam from a camphor stove is condensed into crystals. The thatch- roofed structure houses the stove itself. Though actual camphor chips are not visible in this particular photo, the relative locations of the tanks, pipes, and thatched building closely resemble the diagrams of camphor works pictured in Davidson (p. 421) and Nihon chiri taikei (p. 277). From the time of annexation and even a couple of decades before, camphor was a valuable export product for both the Qing and Japanese states. Since the best trees were located at altitudes also populated by Indigenous Peoples, violent confrontations over access to this resource was a major theme in Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan. In 1932, compiler George Caiger captioned this photo: ""A stage in the production of camphor. Formosa supplies over two thi 5. [wa0050] [Atayal women hulling rice] 413 Special Tools; 410 Tools and Appliances; 460 Labor; 462 Division of Labor by Gender; 250 Food Processing Atayal women hull grain with a foot-operated device. The poor lighting of this shot suggests an amateur production; nonetheless, this photo is not among the negatives or scrapbook photos in the Warner collection. 6. [wa0062] [Bunun women hulling] 460 Labor; 410 Tools and Appliances; 280 Leather, Textiles, and Fabrics; 250 Food Processing; 462 Division of Labor by Gender; 285 Mats and Basketry Several Bunun women hulling grain with large wooden pestles. One male stands in the background, observing. Taizhong prefecture, Kanetowan カネトワン Village. According to Suzuki (1935), they are preparing an alcoholic beverage (p. 40). 7. [wa0063] [Two Paiwan females carrying baskets] 280 Leather, Textiles, and Fabrics; 285 Mats and Basketry; 460 Labor; 462 Division of Labor by Gender; 482 Burden Carrying; 480 Travel and Transportation Two Paiwan women standing on a roadside, transporting goods in baskets atop their heads. The large bamboo stalk is used for transporting water (according to several similar photos in other collections). 8. [wa0067] [Women hulling millet in Pingdong] 260 Food Consumption; 262 Diet; 460 Labor; 410 Tools and Appliances; 250 Food Processing; 462 Division of Labor by Gender; 290 Clothing Two Paiwan women hulling millet with large wooden pestles on a slate work surface. Chantal Zheng's caption: ""南部的原住民(1910)"". Zheng located it in File 26, Box 4, Taiwan/Formosa Photographs, Presbyterian Church of England archives (Zheng 2004, p. 187). 9. [wa0068] [Atayal woman transporting produce] 280 Leather, Textiles, and Fabrics; 285 Mats and Basketry; 460 Labor; 462 Division of Labor by Gender; 482 Burden Carrying; 480 Travel and Transportation Atayal woman carrying a basket. ""Not stopping to rest her hands, she pulls apart hemp (H. Suzuki 1935, p. 18). 10. [wa0070] [Carrying produce in Taidong] 480 Travel and Transportation; 460 Labor; 280 Leather, Textiles, and Fabrics; 290 Clothing; 487 Routes; 240 Agriculture; 482 Burden Carrying; 285 Mats and Basketry Group of sixteen residents of Taidong, Paiwan adults, children, women and men, carrying produce in baskets and in bundles along an unpaved road. 11. [wa0097] [Three women hulling millet with pestles] 460 Labor; 410 Tools and Appliances; 250 Food Processing; 462 Division of Labor by Gender; 413 Special Tools; 290 Clothing H. Suzuki enthused: ""The sounds of 18 maidens pounding pestles sounds like songbirds in the mountain"" (Suzuki 1935, p.21). The three Atayal women pictured here, however, are hulling millet with their wooden pestles, which differ from the musical variety. Mashitobaon village, Taizhong prefecture 12. [wa0120] [Women carrying earthenware vessel] 460 Labor; 320 Processing of Basic Materials; 290 Clothing; 482 Burden Carrying; 323 Ceramic Technology; 462 Division of Labor by Gender; 480 Travel and Transportation This woman is identified as ""Ami."" A colorized version of this same photo states that his woman is ""drawing water"" (image [wa0320]). Hualian district, 奇密 village. 13. [wa0130] [Harvesting tongcao] 130 Geography; 137 Flora; 460 Labor; 310 Exploitative Activities; 314 Forest Products A man harvesting tongcao 通草 in forest. Tongcao (tongtuomu 通脱木)was an important raw material for export from Taiwan. Its fiber can be used to make paper and Chinese herbal medicine. Ide (1937) indicates that this man is stripping the bark from a tongcao (p. 197). The 1932 Guide to Japan's Railways wrote that a preponderance of the world's tongcao grew in Taiwan, in the central and northern Aborigine districts at altitudes on either side of 2000 feet. Lengths of stalk suitable for making tongcao paper are cut from a tree, and the outside bark is stripped. Before the 1920s, tongcao paper was only used to make artificial flowers, but by 1930 it was used to make postcards, name cards, poetry scrolls, festival paper goods, calendars, etc. It was exported to Japan and throughout the world. In 1930, 78,220 jin 斤 of tongcao valued at 189,680 yen was expo 14. [wa0144] [Ami pottery-making] 460 Labor; 320 Processing of Basic Materials; 250 Food Processing; 251 Preservation and Storage of Food; 323 Ceramic Technology; 462 Division of Labor by Gender Taidong district, Karimagari カリマガリ village. Professor Chen Chi-lu writes [based on March 1959 fieldwork]: ""Among the Ami, pottery making is confined to women....The Ami make pottery by modeling. A lump of clay is shaped by hand in the form of the future pot. Then paddle and anvil are employed to continue the work of shaping it. The anvil, called arimoleh, is usually a round pebble (about 7 cm. in diameter) from a river bed; and the paddle (about 25-30cm wide, and 1-3cm thick) called asteteh, is made of wood. The pottery is modeled on a base, called langah....Then the pot is smoothed by hand with water. When finished, the pot is placed in the shade for four to five days, and then fired in an open space near the riverbank"" (Chen 1968, p. 110-111). The translated caption: ""Women making pots (Ami tribe)."" 15. [wa0146] [Going on a hunt] 230 Animal Husbandry; 460 Labor; 410 Tools and Appliances; 220 Food Quest; 462 Division of Labor by Gender; 231 Domesticated Animals; 411 Weapons; 224 Hunting and Trapping Saisiat men with spears, machetes, guns and hunting dogs. H. Suzuki places these men in Taiai village, Xinzhu prefecture (1935, p. 29). 16. [wa0148] [Bunun men dressing a boar] 460 Labor; 410 Tools and Appliances; 220 Food Quest; 462 Division of Labor by Gender; 411 Weapons; 224 Hunting and Trapping Translated Japanese caption: ""Capturing wild boar in the mountains (Bunun tribe)."" H. Suzuki labels it ""dividing the spoils."" 17. [wa0153] [Seated Atayal woman at loom] 460 Labor; 290 Clothing; 280 Leather, Textiles, and Fabrics; 286 Woven Fabrics; 294 Clothing Manufacture; 462 Division of Labor by Gender Translated Japanese caption: ""Woman weaving cloth (Atayal tribe)."" Also see images [wa0001] [wa0210] [wa0259] [wa0292] and [wa0294] for similar photos of cloth manufacture. Translated Japanese caption: ""Woman weaving on a loom (Atayal tribe)."" H. Suzuki locates this scene in Paalan village, Taizhong prefecture (1935, p.19). 18. [wa0165] [Spinning and weaving in Hainan] 460 Labor; 290 Clothing; 280 Leather, Textiles, and Fabrics; 286 Woven Fabrics; 294 Clothing Manufacture; 462 Division of Labor by Gender A Li woman on Hainan island weaving on a hand-loom. 19. [wa0172] [Making pottery] 460 Labor; 320 Processing of Basic Materials; 250 Food Processing; 251 Preservation and Storage of Food; 323 Ceramic Technology; 462 Division of Labor by Gender 20. [wa0182] 17 Formosa Singer 530 Arts; 460 Labor; 462 Division of Labor by Gender; 533 Music; 290 Clothing; 300 Adornment Lee (1996) translates 藝姐 as ""Geisha"" (not Singer as in the caption), writing, ""the Jiangshan Pavilion 江山楼 in Taipei's Dadaocheng 大稻埕 district was the famous red-light venue during the Japanese era, patronized by businessmen of the day. The geisha in this picture ... does not give the slightest appearance of ill repute"" (182). Ikuta Makoto's 2005 ""Japanese Postcard Catalog"" has a differently colored version of this card, with green shirt, with the caption ""Beautiful Girl of Formosa."" Ikuta classifies this card under ""bijin"" or ""beauty."" The Japanese caption on the postcard merely mentions that Taiwanese geisha do not dance, like Japanese geisha, but only sing, and in a very high voice. In the documentary ""Viva Tonal 跳舞时代 (Tiaowu shidai),"" this picture is used as background to explain that T
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